Kutib this article from Arena Magazine
Crude nationalism is considered to be the cause of many problems of nationality in Indonesia today. Not only the state, too many people get a suit on meaning and understanding of "nationalism" as an identity. Here are the views Syafiq Aleiha, Former Chairman of the National Council of the Indonesian Youth Struggle Front (FPPI), about the phenomenon that this worsening.
What is "nationalism" as one identity for the country?
Yes, can we call identity. Nationalism or nation identity itself emerged because of the modern concept and we are not born with. He (nationalism, read) was born in 1920 as the ideals of a nation state, previously we have not found a nation state. Studies on the nation-state in the country are also relatively new, as Benedict Anderson filed. Initial ideas about the nation-state which underlies the emergence of the ideology of "nationalism" is also new. When Ernast Renan defines nation what is? He calls that nationalism is the soul. As quoted Soekarno, nationalism is a soul of a spiritual principle. From there actually could be called a nationalist identity. Identity as a nation could be people with particular ethnic identities, but he still had a chance to change, so that's not a standard of identity and death.
Ernast Renan, originator of the idea of nationalism, saying that the nation is the highest that were born out of solidarity with the historical experience of communal suffering. Solidarity is at the main base of the community today and the future. Like Indonesia, realized the power and potential as a multi-ethnic society, there arose a desire for independence. By uniting the people of the archipelago, Indonesia unplug from the clutches of the Netherlands. Moreover, the encouragement of political power that has been there before, as indicated by boundary line supervision kingdoms of the archipelago in the past.
Meanwhile, according to Ernest Gellner, nationalism is a consequence of new forms of community organization which relies on high culture established by the school and is maintained by the state. In his book, Nations and Nationalism, he refused to say that the nation is a natural community. For Gellner, the educated bourgeoisie often occupies the position of the main characters in the process of nation-building. Nationalism is not the rise of the latent power of past or asleep, in spite of having a claim like this. Responding to these theoretical differences, Lutfi Rahman, political and social analysts of the Institute of Islamic and Social Studies (LKIS) argues, there are some things that underlay the birth of Indonesian nationalism. First, Islam is able to bind multi-ethnic communities of the archipelago which exceeded the boundaries of race, ethnicity, and culture, in the context of the fight against the Dutch. "Stigmatization that colonialism is identical to the heathen, and the people of the archipelago are obliged to fight a Muslim majority, is an effective stimulus." Second, the introduction of modern knowledge linked with understanding of Javanese aristocracy and the people gave birth to the structure. This is a substantial contribution to the educated in the country to build his dream of Indonesia. Third, the introduction of the notion of "Left", such as SI Semarang, which began to distinguish between the people, the proletariat, and the Dutch colonial bourgeois groups included in the category.
From this third Lutfi, experiences and ideals of a society formed in managing its infrastructure. Despite the limited debate time Dutch colonialism. "We can imitate the Sun Yat Sen, or Ibn Saud, that emphasizes independence first. While the shape and management of the state is the next thing, "according to a statement quoting Lutfi Sukarno's time.
Meanwhile, according to Kusnanto Anggoro, a political observer LIPI, lunturnya national consciousness during the state was due more to use a military approach. Although as an instrument builder responsible nationhood, an error if the country using military means as the media to unite the nation. Violence can only solve problems in just physical territorial integrity. While the spirit of nationalism can never be established with violence. Kusnanto also argued that the meaning of nationalism, post-cold war nationalism should be different from previous eras. Today, nationalism is only interpreted as a political-economic stability. So when the political-economic instability are likely to arise ethno nationalism, ie nationalism, which further highlight a small identity and ignore the larger. This phenomenon usually occurs in the plural countries like the Balkans, Rwanda and several Central American countries the days are more dominant ethno-nationalism. Though this trend will threaten the nation-state conception.
To face the threat of ethno-nationalism in the context of Indonesia must be distinguished between the nation-etnic groups, who could be given political rights (political rights) as well as the freedom of civilians (civil liberties), with etnic group who were given only civil liberties without having to get a polical rights. Nevertheless, the recognition of cultural autonomy must still be given. Political observers also suggested LIPI, Indonesia must make transparency in the understanding of nationalism and nationality. Because, as a project by the state, nationalism, requires an effective governance as well as the legitimacy of the public. For channels that democratization will become an important instrument in creating a number of joint-Indonesian. In addition, the state has an important role in preventing conflict with each other nationalities. The concept of multiculturalism as demand has multipledentity. This means that the people as the ethno-nationalism, but also has the citizenship and nationality. Only when bertiganya side by side, could be continued by talking Indonesianitas or keindonesiaan. But the point is, we need mutual respect, responsibility and solidarity to maintain Indonesia as a state building without sacrificing the essence of nationalism and nationality are smaller.
When a citizen had to use or abandon "nationalism"?
Nationalism is most relevant when used against imperialism. Since most of the rise of nationalism is a talent to oppose imperialism. Especially outside Europe, nationalism is more used to repel invaders. European context, nationalism is more based on the spirit of modernism, a state organization that originated from the kingdom, was transformed into the nation state. Nationalism can also be used for the context of relationships with other nations through the glass eyes of a particular identity as a nation. Actually the political-economic-cultural nationalism became irrelevant to put forward. The phenomenon of dominance and hegemony of political economy-culture developed countries is more western oriented, or America centric, nationalism became irrelevant to appear again. Not predictably mengkotak-boxed passion for the human race, but to encourage the balancing of power and upholding democracy. Because democracy will run if the balancing of power has been fulfilled. All that could arise if there is a certain kind of strength of a nation willing to fight for the identity of nationality. But at a certain level, a nation becomes irrelevant when he used to be covered, such as Hitler-style nationalism, which devour other race or nation.
Will the concept of nationalism has always emanated from the ruler or group of nobles?
For the phenomenon of Indonesia, nationalism has become a monopoly power. Case of Aceh, the army claimed on behalf of nationalism, then the nation itself in the fight, killed and massacred. That's the danger of thinking blind nationalism. But if we're honest, all ideologies and even religions also have similar danger. What and who is considered deviant, and not pure, will receive punishment as well as unrecognized. So the real problem is the question of democracy, even to the meaning of nationalism. Fanatical nationalism and options such as the one in the head that put the generals of military operations in Aceh? Ataukan nationalism as promoted the generation of the early 20s when they opposed European colonialism? The second option is what we should actually stretcher. Because, basically, nationalism represents freedom from external forces or free from external contrain.
Acehnese people saw Sukarno and Hatta as a Muslim, and shouts of "Allahu Akbar" by the people of Surabaya at that time against the Dutch, that's what makes Aceh declared part of the Republic of Indonesia at that time. There is the same religion as factors muck this nationalism has also been expressed by MT Kahin. In his book The Birth Struggle Reflection Republic, he wrote that Islam is not just an ordinary bond, but it really became a kind of symbol in the fight against groups (in group) to fight against foreign intruders. According to him, the people of Aceh are willing to join the Unitary Republic of Indonesia during the proclamation of 1945, only based on the same religious sentiment of that time.
Kian waning of nationalism also caused closure of the debate about how to run this nation. According to Rahman Lutfi, this started to happen when the momentum of the Soekarno presidential decree and continue until the regime of Suharto. As a result, no more discourse about the nation or state for Indonesia. Reopen this debate is important, because of the sediment was suspended when the New Order repression.
In the Indonesian context, is there a society that recognizes or using nationalism as an identity?
Indonesia many people recognize. As we have seen, masihbanyak people watch badminton, football or other sporting matches involving the national team of Indonesia. That is an example of elements of nationalism, even the most trivial. Because in everyday life, nationalism was often not used. Because nationalism is not about politics live Every day (day-to-day politics). A farmer who every day into the fields, the interaction will be more forward side of the farmer as an identity, rather than nationalism. In a small sphere of ideas and he would not touch with a lot of nationalism, so that he need not disclose it. Because it is not enough space to bring it up. Many people who use the nation's identity, in fact they are often related to cross country....
Crude nationalism is considered to be the cause of many problems of nationality in Indonesia today. Not only the state, too many people get a suit on meaning and understanding of "nationalism" as an identity. Here are the views Syafiq Aleiha, Former Chairman of the National Council of the Indonesian Youth Struggle Front (FPPI), about the phenomenon that this worsening.
What is "nationalism" as one identity for the country?
Yes, can we call identity. Nationalism or nation identity itself emerged because of the modern concept and we are not born with. He (nationalism, read) was born in 1920 as the ideals of a nation state, previously we have not found a nation state. Studies on the nation-state in the country are also relatively new, as Benedict Anderson filed. Initial ideas about the nation-state which underlies the emergence of the ideology of "nationalism" is also new. When Ernast Renan defines nation what is? He calls that nationalism is the soul. As quoted Soekarno, nationalism is a soul of a spiritual principle. From there actually could be called a nationalist identity. Identity as a nation could be people with particular ethnic identities, but he still had a chance to change, so that's not a standard of identity and death.
Ernast Renan, originator of the idea of nationalism, saying that the nation is the highest that were born out of solidarity with the historical experience of communal suffering. Solidarity is at the main base of the community today and the future. Like Indonesia, realized the power and potential as a multi-ethnic society, there arose a desire for independence. By uniting the people of the archipelago, Indonesia unplug from the clutches of the Netherlands. Moreover, the encouragement of political power that has been there before, as indicated by boundary line supervision kingdoms of the archipelago in the past.
Meanwhile, according to Ernest Gellner, nationalism is a consequence of new forms of community organization which relies on high culture established by the school and is maintained by the state. In his book, Nations and Nationalism, he refused to say that the nation is a natural community. For Gellner, the educated bourgeoisie often occupies the position of the main characters in the process of nation-building. Nationalism is not the rise of the latent power of past or asleep, in spite of having a claim like this. Responding to these theoretical differences, Lutfi Rahman, political and social analysts of the Institute of Islamic and Social Studies (LKIS) argues, there are some things that underlay the birth of Indonesian nationalism. First, Islam is able to bind multi-ethnic communities of the archipelago which exceeded the boundaries of race, ethnicity, and culture, in the context of the fight against the Dutch. "Stigmatization that colonialism is identical to the heathen, and the people of the archipelago are obliged to fight a Muslim majority, is an effective stimulus." Second, the introduction of modern knowledge linked with understanding of Javanese aristocracy and the people gave birth to the structure. This is a substantial contribution to the educated in the country to build his dream of Indonesia. Third, the introduction of the notion of "Left", such as SI Semarang, which began to distinguish between the people, the proletariat, and the Dutch colonial bourgeois groups included in the category.
From this third Lutfi, experiences and ideals of a society formed in managing its infrastructure. Despite the limited debate time Dutch colonialism. "We can imitate the Sun Yat Sen, or Ibn Saud, that emphasizes independence first. While the shape and management of the state is the next thing, "according to a statement quoting Lutfi Sukarno's time.
Meanwhile, according to Kusnanto Anggoro, a political observer LIPI, lunturnya national consciousness during the state was due more to use a military approach. Although as an instrument builder responsible nationhood, an error if the country using military means as the media to unite the nation. Violence can only solve problems in just physical territorial integrity. While the spirit of nationalism can never be established with violence. Kusnanto also argued that the meaning of nationalism, post-cold war nationalism should be different from previous eras. Today, nationalism is only interpreted as a political-economic stability. So when the political-economic instability are likely to arise ethno nationalism, ie nationalism, which further highlight a small identity and ignore the larger. This phenomenon usually occurs in the plural countries like the Balkans, Rwanda and several Central American countries the days are more dominant ethno-nationalism. Though this trend will threaten the nation-state conception.
To face the threat of ethno-nationalism in the context of Indonesia must be distinguished between the nation-etnic groups, who could be given political rights (political rights) as well as the freedom of civilians (civil liberties), with etnic group who were given only civil liberties without having to get a polical rights. Nevertheless, the recognition of cultural autonomy must still be given. Political observers also suggested LIPI, Indonesia must make transparency in the understanding of nationalism and nationality. Because, as a project by the state, nationalism, requires an effective governance as well as the legitimacy of the public. For channels that democratization will become an important instrument in creating a number of joint-Indonesian. In addition, the state has an important role in preventing conflict with each other nationalities. The concept of multiculturalism as demand has multipledentity. This means that the people as the ethno-nationalism, but also has the citizenship and nationality. Only when bertiganya side by side, could be continued by talking Indonesianitas or keindonesiaan. But the point is, we need mutual respect, responsibility and solidarity to maintain Indonesia as a state building without sacrificing the essence of nationalism and nationality are smaller.
When a citizen had to use or abandon "nationalism"?
Nationalism is most relevant when used against imperialism. Since most of the rise of nationalism is a talent to oppose imperialism. Especially outside Europe, nationalism is more used to repel invaders. European context, nationalism is more based on the spirit of modernism, a state organization that originated from the kingdom, was transformed into the nation state. Nationalism can also be used for the context of relationships with other nations through the glass eyes of a particular identity as a nation. Actually the political-economic-cultural nationalism became irrelevant to put forward. The phenomenon of dominance and hegemony of political economy-culture developed countries is more western oriented, or America centric, nationalism became irrelevant to appear again. Not predictably mengkotak-boxed passion for the human race, but to encourage the balancing of power and upholding democracy. Because democracy will run if the balancing of power has been fulfilled. All that could arise if there is a certain kind of strength of a nation willing to fight for the identity of nationality. But at a certain level, a nation becomes irrelevant when he used to be covered, such as Hitler-style nationalism, which devour other race or nation.
Will the concept of nationalism has always emanated from the ruler or group of nobles?
For the phenomenon of Indonesia, nationalism has become a monopoly power. Case of Aceh, the army claimed on behalf of nationalism, then the nation itself in the fight, killed and massacred. That's the danger of thinking blind nationalism. But if we're honest, all ideologies and even religions also have similar danger. What and who is considered deviant, and not pure, will receive punishment as well as unrecognized. So the real problem is the question of democracy, even to the meaning of nationalism. Fanatical nationalism and options such as the one in the head that put the generals of military operations in Aceh? Ataukan nationalism as promoted the generation of the early 20s when they opposed European colonialism? The second option is what we should actually stretcher. Because, basically, nationalism represents freedom from external forces or free from external contrain.
Acehnese people saw Sukarno and Hatta as a Muslim, and shouts of "Allahu Akbar" by the people of Surabaya at that time against the Dutch, that's what makes Aceh declared part of the Republic of Indonesia at that time. There is the same religion as factors muck this nationalism has also been expressed by MT Kahin. In his book The Birth Struggle Reflection Republic, he wrote that Islam is not just an ordinary bond, but it really became a kind of symbol in the fight against groups (in group) to fight against foreign intruders. According to him, the people of Aceh are willing to join the Unitary Republic of Indonesia during the proclamation of 1945, only based on the same religious sentiment of that time.
Kian waning of nationalism also caused closure of the debate about how to run this nation. According to Rahman Lutfi, this started to happen when the momentum of the Soekarno presidential decree and continue until the regime of Suharto. As a result, no more discourse about the nation or state for Indonesia. Reopen this debate is important, because of the sediment was suspended when the New Order repression.
In the Indonesian context, is there a society that recognizes or using nationalism as an identity?
Indonesia many people recognize. As we have seen, masihbanyak people watch badminton, football or other sporting matches involving the national team of Indonesia. That is an example of elements of nationalism, even the most trivial. Because in everyday life, nationalism was often not used. Because nationalism is not about politics live Every day (day-to-day politics). A farmer who every day into the fields, the interaction will be more forward side of the farmer as an identity, rather than nationalism. In a small sphere of ideas and he would not touch with a lot of nationalism, so that he need not disclose it. Because it is not enough space to bring it up. Many people who use the nation's identity, in fact they are often related to cross country....
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